With the end of the civil wars which left Augustus as the undisputed ruler of the Roman world, the legionary began taking on a different appearance. Though the Montefortino was still by far the most common helmet, improved versions appeared with a larger neck guard and brow reinforcement. The ‘Coolus’ helmets of Gallic origin also took on these improvements, and the first iron Coolus and ‘Imperial Gallic’ helmets, obviously produced in Roman workshops, began to appear. The scutum of Augustan date was ‘clipped’ of its top and bottom, reducing its weight. This modification has often been attributed to Augustan-period campaigns in the forests of Germany; but in fact the ‘clipped’ scutum may have existed since the time of Marius, when legionaries were first required to carry their full equipment on the march (not discounting the mid-lst century BC Ahenobarbus frieze, which indicates that some legionaries still carried the full-size scutum at this time).